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MP3 (more accurately, MPEG-1/2 / 2.5 Layer 3, but not MPEG-3) - is the third level of the codec, developed by a team MPEG, licensed file format for storing audio information. MP3 is one of the most common and popular formats of digital coding of sound information to the losses. It is commonly used file-sharing networks for the transmission of the evaluation of music. The format can be played in virtually all popular operating systems on most portable audio players, and is supported by all current models of stereo and DVD-players.
The MP3 format uses lossy compression algorithm. It is designed to significantly reduce the size of the data needed to reproduce the recording and quality audio, faithful to the original (according to the majority of listeners), but with a noticeable loss of quality when listening to high-quality sound system. When creating MP3 with an average bit rate of 128 kbit / s results in a file size that is approximately equal to 1/11 of the original file to the CD-Audio. In itself, uncompressed audio format CD-Audio has a bit 1411.2 kbit / s. MP3-files can be created with a high or low bit rate, which affects the quality of the destination file. The principle of compression is to reduce the accuracy of some parts of the audio stream that is almost indistinguishable to the ear on equipment prevalent throughout the low-fidelity sound reproduction (for example, a dominant majority of portable devices, sound cards, music centers, radios and other no special equipment). This method is called perceptual coding. At the first step we construct a diagram of sound in a series of short periods of time, then it is removed information is not discernible by the human ear, and the remaining information is stored in a compact form. This approach is similar to the compression method used in compressing images into a format JPEG.
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As the format of JPEG, MP3 uses a spectral cut-off, according to a psychoacoustic model. The sound signal is split into equal-length segments, each of which is packaged after treatment to its frame (frame). Expansion in the spectrum requires a continuous input signal. Therefore, it is used for calculations and previous and next frame. In the audio signal has a smaller amplitude harmonic and harmonics that lie close to the more intense - these harmonics are cut off, as statistically average human ear can not always be able to determine the presence or absence of harmonics. This feature is called the hearing masking effect. It is also possible to replace two or more adjacent peaks with one averaged (which usually leads to a distortion of sound). The criterion of the cut-off is determined by the requirement to the output stream. Since the entire spectrum of relevant, high-frequency harmonics are not clipped as in JPEG, but only selectively removed to reduce the flow of information at the expense of dilution of the spectrum. After spectral "cleansing" used mathematical methods of compression and packaging of frames. Each frame can have multiple containers that can store information for multiple streams (left and right channels or a central channel and the difference channel). The compression ratio can be varied, including within one frame. The interval of possible values ??of the bit rate of 8-320 kbps / sec.