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Computer font is a file containing a description of a set of numbers, letters, service and pseudo graphic characters used to display those characters (especially text) program or the operating system.
One should distinguish:
- font as a set of characters created by the artist,
- font as a computer file,
- font as a set of metal type used in letterpress printing.
Set font with a similar pattern, but different font style (regular, italic, bold, and so on) is called a headset. For example, fonts «Arial», «Arial Bold», «Arial Italic» and «Arial Italic Bold» up one headset «Arial».
Font is a term from the computer slang, often used more narrowly to mean "font file". Sometimes it substitutes the term "headset". In computers, the font is a block of data (or file), consisting of a set of descriptions of the characters used by the program (or a part of the operating system GUI) for displaying text. For text mode font is stored directly in the video (or in his constant memory or in RAM).
Types of Fonts. Computer fonts are divided according to the process of drawing into two types: raster and vector.
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Bitmap fonts, each character is described as a set of dots (pixels) arranged in a raster grid nodes - that is essentially a conventional bitmap. Bitmap fonts are not suitable for high quality printing and are used mainly in programs and text-based console. They are widely used in the era of dot matrix printers and low-resolution monitors.
The vector (or outline) font characters are curved contours described by mathematical formulas. Each sign is described using the vectors defining the coordinate reference points are connected by straight or curved to form a loop sign without reference to absolute size or resolution. This description makes it possible to zoom in the image without loss of quality, which is impossible in the case of bitmap fonts. Vector fonts appear on the same screen or on paper. There are several different formats of vector fonts, different way of storing and presenting information about a font: PostScript Type1, TrueType, OpenType.
To display the vector font raster devices (monitors and printers), you must rasterize - convert into a set of points. To set rasterization and similar fonts in the operating systems Windows 9x / NT / 2000 and Mac OS was designed program Adobe Type Manager (ATM). In Windows NT 4.0 you can also use fonts in PostScript Type1 format without installing ATM, however, during the installation, they are automatically converted to TrueType format with all its consequences. In Windows 2000 (and later) is already integrated rasterizer Type1-fonts and for ATM installation is not required.
According to the width of the character, fonts are divided into monospaced and proportional. In monospaced fonts all the characters have the same width. In early computers this simplified the task of text output on the screen: each character located within its familiarity and image of the character was drawn in a pattern of fixed size, so did not need to set width characters, and the procedure for setting the symbol position on the screen becomes extremely simple.